Hotunan da aka zazzage daga gidan yanar gizon Cibiyar Watsa Labarai na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts suna samuwa ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kafofin watsa labaru, da jama'a a ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.Ba za ku iya canza hotunan da aka bayar ba sai an yanke su zuwa girman daidai.Dole ne a yi amfani da kiredit lokacin kunna hotuna;idan ba a jera shi a ƙasa ba, haɗa hoton zuwa "MIT".
Masu bincike a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts sun ƙera wata na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi da nauyinta bai wuce kilogiram 10 ba wanda ke cire barbashi da gishiri don samar da ruwan sha.
Na'urar mai girman akwati tana amfani da ƙarancin wutar lantarki fiye da cajar waya kuma ana iya amfani da ita ta hanyar ƙaramin hasken rana mai ɗaukar hoto wanda za'a iya siye ta kan layi akan kusan $50.Yana samar da ruwan sha kai tsaye wanda ya zarce ka'idojin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.Fasahar tana kunshe ne a cikin na'urar da ta dace da mai amfani da ke aiki a wurintura maballin.
Ba kamar sauran masu yin ruwa masu ɗaukar nauyi waɗanda ke buƙatar ruwa don wucewa ta hanyar tacewa ba, wannan na'urar tana amfani da wutar lantarki don cire barbashi daga ruwan sha.Ba a buƙatar maye gurbin tacewa, yana rage buƙatar kulawa na dogon lokaci.
Wannan na iya ba da damar tura rukunin zuwa wurare masu nisa kuma masu ƙarancin albarkatu, kamar al'ummomi a cikin ƙananan tsibirai ko cikin jiragen ruwa na cikin teku.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijirar da ke tserewa bala'o'i ko sojojin da ke cikin ayyukan soja na dogon lokaci.
“Hakika wannan ita ce ƙarshen tafiyar shekara 10 a gare ni da ƙungiyara.A cikin shekaru da yawa muna aiki a kan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a bayan matakai daban-daban na desalination, amma sanya duk waɗannan ci gaba a cikin akwati, gina tsarin da yin shi a cikin teku.Ya kasance mai lada sosai da kuma gogewa mai lada a gare ni,” in ji babban marubuci Jongyoon Han, farfesa a fannin injiniyan lantarki, kimiyyar kwamfuta, da injiniyan halittu kuma memba na Laboratory Research Laboratory (RLE).
Khan ya kasance tare da marubucin farko Jungyo Yoon, RLE Fellow, Hyukjin J. Kwon, tsohon jami'in digiri na biyu, Sungku Kang, jami'in digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas, da Dokar Haɓaka Ƙwararrun Sojojin Amurka (DEVCOM) Eric Braque.An buga binciken a kan layi a cikin mujallar Kimiyyar Muhalli & Fasaha.
Yoon ya yi bayanin cewa tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa na kasuwanci galibi suna buƙatar famfo mai ƙarfi don fitar da ruwa ta hanyar tacewa, waɗanda ke da wahala a rage ƙarancin kuzari ba tare da lalata ingancin makamashin naúrar ba.
Maimakon haka, na'urar tasu ta dogara ne akan wata dabarar da ake kira ion-concentration polarization (ICP), wadda ƙungiyar Khan ta fara aiki shekaru 10 da suka gabata.Maimakon tace ruwa, tsarin ICP yana amfani da filin lantarki zuwa membrane da ke sama da ƙasa da hanyar ruwa.Lokacin da tabbatacce ko mummunan cajin ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da ƙwayoyin gishiri, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, suna wucewa ta cikin membrane, ana korar su daga gare ta.Abubuwan da aka caje ana kai su zuwa rafi na biyu na ruwa, wanda a ƙarshe za a fitar da su.
Wannan tsari yana cire narkar da daskararrun da aka dakatar da shi, yana barin ruwa mai tsabta ya ratsa ta tashoshi.Saboda kawai yana buƙatar ƙaramin famfo, ICP yana amfani da ƙarancin kuzari fiye da sauran fasaha.
Amma ICP ba koyaushe yana cire duk gishiri da ke shawagi a tsakiyar tashar ba.Don haka masu binciken sun aiwatar da tsari na biyu da ake kira electrodialysis don cire sauran ions gishiri.
Yun da Kang sun yi amfani da koyan na'ura don nemo cikakkiyar haɗin ICP da na'urorin lantarki.Mafi kyawun saitin ya ƙunshi tsari na ICP mai matakai biyu inda ruwa ya ratsa ta sifofi shida a matakin farko, sannan ta hanyar na'urori uku a mataki na biyu, sannan tsarin electrodialysis ya biyo baya.Wannan yana rage yawan amfani da makamashi yayin yin aikin tsaftace kansa.
Yun ya bayyana cewa, "Duk da yake gaskiya ne cewa ana iya kama wasu kwayoyin da aka caje ta hanyar membrane na musayar ion, idan sun makale, za mu iya cire barbashi da aka caje cikin sauki ta hanyar canza polarity na filin lantarki."
Sun rushe kuma sun ajiye kayan aikin ICP da electrodialysis don inganta ƙarfin kuzarinsu da ba su damar dacewa da raka'a masu ɗaukar nauyi.Masu bincike sun ƙirƙira na'ura don waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba don fara aiwatar da tsaftacewa ta atomatik da tsaftacewa da guda ɗaya kawai.maballin.Da zarar salinity da adadin barbashi sun faɗi ƙasa da wasu mashigin, na'urar tana sanar da masu amfani cewa ruwan ya shirya sha.
Masu binciken sun kuma kirkiro wata manhaja ta wayar salula wacce ke sarrafa na'urar ba tare da waya ba tare da bayar da rahoton bayanan da ake amfani da su na zahiri kan amfani da makamashi da kuma salinity na ruwa.
Bayan gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da ruwa nau'ikan nau'ikan salinity da turbidity (Turbidity), an gwada na'urar a filin a bakin Tekun Carson na Boston.
Yoon da Kwon sun ajiye akwatin a banki kuma suka jefa mai ciyarwa a cikin ruwa.Bayan kusan rabin sa'a, na'urar ta cika kofin robobi da ruwan sha mai tsafta.
"Abin farin ciki ne da ban mamaki cewa an yi nasara ko da a farkon ƙaddamarwa.Amma ina ganin babban dalilin nasararmu shi ne tarin duk wadannan kananan ci gaban da muka samu a hanya, "in ji Khan.
Ruwan da aka samu ya zarce ka'idojin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, kuma shigar da shi yana rage adadin daskararrun da aka dakatar da akalla sau 10.Samfurin su yana samar da ruwan sha akan lita 0.3 a kowace awa kuma yana cinye watt-hours 20 kawai a kowace lita.
A cewar Khan, daya daga cikin manyan kalubalen samar da na’urar tafi da gidanka shi ne samar da na’urar da ta dace da kowa zai iya amfani da shi.
Yoon yana fatan tallata fasahar ta hanyar farawa da yake shirin ƙaddamarwa don sanya na'urar ta zama mai sauƙin amfani da haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari da aikinta.
A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, Khan yana so ya yi amfani da darussan da ya koya a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata game da abubuwan da suka shafi ingancin ruwa fiye da lalata, kamar saurin gano gurɓataccen ruwan sha.
"Tabbas aiki ne mai ban sha'awa kuma ina alfahari da ci gaban da muka samu ya zuwa yanzu, amma har yanzu akwai sauran aiki da yawa da za a yi," in ji shi.
Misali, yayin da “haɓaka tsarin šaukuwa ta amfani da hanyoyin electromembrane hanya ce ta asali kuma mai ban sha'awa don kawar da ƙarancin ƙarancin ruwa,” sakamakon gurɓataccen ruwa, musamman idan ruwan yana da turbidity mai yawa, na iya haɓaka buƙatun kulawa da ƙimar kuzari. , in ji Nidal Hilal, Farfesa injiniya kuma darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa ta Abu Dhabi a Jami'ar New York, wanda bai shiga cikin binciken ba.
"Wani iyakance shine amfani da kayan tsada," in ji shi."Zai kasance mai ban sha'awa ganin irin wannan tsarin ta amfani da kayan da ba su da tsada."
Cibiyar Soja ta DEVCOM, da Abdul Latif Jameel Water and Food Systems Laboratory (J-WAFS), da Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas na Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme a cikin Gwaji na Artificial Intelligence, da Ru Institute of Artificial Intelligence ne suka dauki nauyin binciken.
Masu bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje na bincike na Electronics na MIT sun ƙera na'ura mai ɗaukar ruwa wanda zai iya mayar da ruwan teku zuwa ruwan sha mai tsafta, a cewar Fortune's Ian Mount.Mount ya rubuta cewa masanin kimiyya Jongyun Khan da ɗalibin digiri Bruce Crawford sun kafa Nona Technologies don tallata samfurin.
Masu bincike a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts “sun ƙera na’urar da za ta rage yawan ruwa da ke yawo a cikin ‘yanci da ke kunshe da nau’ukan ɗimbin na’urorin da za su dawo da zafi daga tururin ruwa, wanda hakan ke ƙara ƙarfinsa gaba ɗaya,” in ji Neil Nell Lewis na CNN."Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa za a iya daidaita shi a matsayin wani fanni mai iyo a teku, bututun ruwa mai kyau zuwa bakin teku, ko kuma za a iya tsara shi don yin hidima ga gida guda da ke amfani da shi a cikin tankin ruwan teku," Lewis ya rubuta.
Masu bincike na MIT sun ƙera na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi mai girman akwati wanda zai iya juyar da ruwan gishiri zuwa ruwan sha a wurin.tura maballin, rahoton Elisaveta M. Brandon na Kamfanin Fast Company.Na'urar na iya zama "kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke tsibirai masu nisa, jiragen dakon kaya na teku, har ma da sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira da ke kusa da ruwa," in ji Brandon.
Mai ba da rahoto na Motherboard Audrey Carlton ya rubuta cewa masu bincike na MIT sun ƙera "na'urar da ba ta da tacewa, na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi wacce ke amfani da filayen lantarki da aka samar da hasken rana don karkatar da barbashi kamar gishiri, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta."Karanci babbar matsala ce ga kowa da kowa saboda hawan teku.Ba ma son makoma mara kyau, amma muna so mu taimaka wa mutane su kasance cikin shiri don ta.
Sabuwar na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi mai amfani da hasken rana wanda masu binciken MIT suka kirkira zai iya samar da ruwan sha a wurintaba maballi, a cewar Tony Ho Tran na Daily Beast."Na'urar ba ta dogara da kowane tacewa kamar masu samar da ruwa na al'ada ba," Tran ya rubuta."Maimakon haka, yana sarrafa ruwa don cire ma'adanai, irin su gishiri, daga cikin ruwa."